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HT49R50

8-Bit Microcontroller

Holtek Semiconductor 

HT49R50

Functional Description

Execution flow

The system clock is derived from either a crys-

tal or an RC oscillator. It is internally divided

into four non-overlapping clocks. One instruc-

tion cycle consists of four system clock cycles.

Instruction fetching and execution are

pipelined in such a way that a fetch takes one

instruction cycle while decoding and execution

takes the next instruction cycle. The pipelining

scheme causes each instruction to effectively

execute in a cycle. If an instruction changes the

value of the program counter, two cycles are re-

quired to complete the instruction.

Program counter - PC

The program counter (PC) is of 12 bits wide and

controls the sequence in which the instructions

stored in the program ROM are executed. The

contents of the PC can specify a maximum of

4096 addresses.

After accessing a program memory word to

fetch an instruction code, the value of the PC is

incremented by one. The PC then points to the

memory word containing the next instruction

code.

When executing a jump instruction, conditional

skip execution, loading a PCL register, a sub-

routine call, an initial reset, an internal inter-

rupt, an external interrupt, or returning from a

subroutine, the PC manipulates the program

transfer by loading the address corresponding

to each instruction.

The conditional skip is activated by instruc-

tions. Once the condition is met, the next in-

struction, fetched during the current

instruction execution, is discarded and a

dummy cycle replaces it to get a proper instruc-

tion; otherwise proceed with the next instruc-

tion.

The lower byte of the PC (PCL) is a readable

and writeable register (06H). Moving data into

the PCL performs a short jump. The destina-

tion is within 256 locations.

When a control transfer takes place, an addi-

tional dummy cycle is required.

Program memory - EPROM

The program memory (EPROM) is used to store

the program instructions which are to be exe-

cuted. It also contains data, table, and inter-

rupt entries, and is organized into 4096 ´ 15

bits which are addressed by the PC and table

pointer.

Certain locations in the ROM are reserved for

special usage:

· Location 000H

Location 000H is reserved for program initial-

ization. After chip reset, the program always

begins execution at this location.

T1 T2 T3 T4 T1 T2 T3 T4 T1 T2 T3 T4

S y s te m C lo c k

O S C 2 ( R C o n ly )

PC

PC

PC +1

PC +2

F e tc h IN S T (P C )

E x e c u te IN S T (P C -1 )

F e tc h IN S T (P C + 1 )

E x e c u te IN S T (P C )

Execution flow

F e tc h IN S T (P C + 2 )

E x e c u te IN S T (P C + 1 )

9

October 22, 1999

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